How long to image the M2 with the Vaonis Vespera Pro 2
From a Bortle 6 suburban sky, the Vaonis Vespera Pro 2 needs about 22 min (132 subs of 10 s) for a solid image of the M2. A quick look takes 5 min; a showpiece 1 h 28 min. Under a Bortle 3 rural sky the solid figure drops to 11 min. At Bortle 6 the limit is skyglow, so a darker site or a filter helps more than longer subs. In this scope's field it fills 16% of the frame’s short side.
| Sky | Quick lookTarget obvious, still noisy | SolidClean enough to share | ShowpieceSmooth faint detail, print-worthy |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bortle 1Excellent dark site | 3 min16 subs | 10 min61 subs | 41 min244 subs |
| Bortle 2Typical dark site | 3 min16 subs | 10 min63 subs | 42 min252 subs |
| Bortle 3Rural | 3 min17 subs | 11 min68 subs | 45 min269 subs |
| Bortle 4Rural / suburban transition | 3 min20 subs | 13 min78 subs | 51 min309 subs |
| Bortle 5Suburban | 4 min24 subs | 15 min93 subs | 1 h 02 min372 subs |
| Bortle 6Bright suburban | 5 min33 subs | 22 min132 subs | 1 h 28 min527 subs |
| Bortle 7Suburban / urban transition | 9 min52 subs | 34 min206 subs | 2 h 17 min822 subs |
| Bortle 8City | 13 min80 subs | 53 min320 subs | 3 h 33 min1,280 subs |
| Bortle 9Inner city | 24 min142 subs | 1 h 34 min565 subs | 6 h 16 min2,257 subs |
Power and kit for this session
Allowing for slewing, focusing and rejected subs, that is about 28 min of run time. The Vespera Pro 2’s battery (rated about 11 h) should cover it; a power bank still keeps the phone running the app alive. (Bortle 6, solid image; we allow 30% over the integration time.)
- USB-C PD power bank 20000mAh 30WExternal bank extends the 11 h battery.
- red LED head torchRed light keeps your night vision; white light costs you twenty minutes of dark adaptation every time.
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Everything that fits the Vespera Pro 2 →
How it frames
The M2 is 16′ across. The Vespera Pro 2 frames 1.65° × 1.65° at 1.68″ per pixel, so it fills 16% of the frame’s short side.
Longer subs
10 s subs by default; Expert Mode manual targets allow 1 to 30 s. Alt-azimuth only; CovalENS mosaic gives 3.2° × 3.2° at 50 MP. Time for a solid image by sub length:
| Sub length | Bortle 3 | Bortle 5 | Bortle 7 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 s | 11 min68 subs | 15 min93 subs | 34 min206 subs |
| 20 s | 10 min30 subs | 14 min43 subs | 33 min99 subs |
| 30 s | 15 min30 subs | 15 min30 subs | 32 min65 subs |
About the M2
A rich, compact globular in Aquarius. Resolves well at the edges even in a short stack.
NGC 7089 · Globular cluster in Aquarius · magnitude 6.5 · 16′ · best in Jul, Aug, Sep. Reachable from mid-northern latitudes (UK, northern US, central Europe) and from the south.
Globular clusters are point sources packed tight, so they come quickly: the core resolves into stars within a handful of minutes on any smart scope. More time deepens the halo and pulls in the faint outer members. Use short subs so the core does not saturate into a white blob, and no filter.
About the Vaonis Vespera Pro 2
The square-sensor 2026 Vespera with 2 µm pixels. Sharper than the Vespera 3 on small targets and correspondingly slower per pixel; the 12.5 MP square frame suits galaxies and planetaries.
10 s subs by default; Expert Mode manual targets allow 1 to 30 s. Alt-azimuth only; CovalENS mosaic gives 3.2° × 3.2° at 50 MP. Optional clip-on Vaonis filters: dual-band, light-pollution (CLS) and solar.
Longer subs matter most under dark skies, where read noise rather than skyglow sets the floor. From a city the difference between 10 s and 30 s subs is small; from a rural site it can halve the total time, especially with a dual-band filter in place.
Stack across nights. Every smart scope app can continue a stack or you can combine the saved frames on a computer; the figures here are totals, not single-session limits.
Have an image of the M2 from a Vespera Pro 2? Email it with your total time and sky to [email protected] and it goes here, credited.
Same target, other telescopes
- M2 with the ZWO Seestar S50: 10 min from Bortle 6
- M2 with the ZWO Seestar S50 Pro: 11 min from Bortle 6
- M2 with the ZWO Seestar S30: 11 min from Bortle 6
- M2 with the ZWO Seestar S30 Pro: 12 min from Bortle 6
- M2 with the DwarfLab DWARF 3: 15 min from Bortle 6
- M2 with the DwarfLab DWARF mini: 10 min from Bortle 6
- M2 with the DwarfLab Draco: 15 min from Bortle 6
- M2 with the DwarfLab DWARF II: 34 min from Bortle 6
- M2 with the Vaonis Vespera II: 10 min from Bortle 6
- M2 with the Vaonis Vespera Pro: 23 min from Bortle 6
- M2 with the Vaonis Vespera 3: 10 min from Bortle 6
- M2 with the Unistellar eQuinox 2: 9 min from Bortle 6
- M2 with the Unistellar Odyssey: 40 min from Bortle 6
- M2 with the Celestron Origin: 5 min from Bortle 6
- M2 with the Celestron Origin Mark II: 5 min from Bortle 6
All telescopes for the M2 · All targets for the Vespera Pro 2