How long to image the M99 with the ZWO Seestar S30 Pro
From a Bortle 6 suburban sky, the ZWO Seestar S30 Pro needs about 3 h 15 min (1,169 subs of 10 s) for a solid image of the M99. A quick look takes 49 min; a showpiece 13 h. Under a Bortle 3 rural sky the solid figure drops to 1 h 19 min. At Bortle 6 the limit is skyglow, so a darker site or a filter helps more than longer subs. In this scope's field it fills 4% of the frame’s short side.
| Sky | Quick lookTarget obvious, still noisy | SolidClean enough to share | ShowpieceSmooth faint detail, print-worthy |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bortle 1Excellent dark site | 17 min101 subs | 1 h 07 min404 subs | 4 h 29 min1,615 subs |
| Bortle 2Typical dark site | 18 min107 subs | 1 h 11 min428 subs | 4 h 45 min1,709 subs |
| Bortle 3Rural | 20 min118 subs | 1 h 19 min472 subs | 5 h 14 min1,887 subs |
| Bortle 4Rural / suburban transition | 24 min145 subs | 1 h 37 min580 subs | 6 h 26 min2,317 subs |
| Bortle 5Suburban | 31 min188 subs | 2 h 05 min750 subs | 8 h 20 min3,000 subs |
| Bortle 6Bright suburban | 49 min293 subs | 3 h 15 min1,169 subs | 13 h4,674 subs |
| Bortle 7Suburban / urban transition | 1 h 22 min492 subs | 5 h 28 min1,966 subs | 22 h7,863 subs |
| Bortle 8City | 2 h 13 min801 subs | 8 h 54 min3,204 subs | 36 h12,816 subs |
| Bortle 9Inner city | 4 h 04 min1,462 subs | 16 h5,845 subs | 65 h23,378 subs |
Power and kit for this session
Allowing for slewing, focusing and rejected subs, that is about 4 h 13 min of run time. The Seestar S30 Pro’s battery (rated about 5 h) should cover it; a power bank still keeps the phone running the app alive. (Bortle 6, solid image; we allow 30% over the integration time.)
- USB-C power bank 10000mAh 5V 3A5 V 3 A input and it runs while charging.
- Seestar S30 Pro dew shieldActive anti-dew is built in; a shield adds margin. The S30 Pro front differs from the S30, so check the listing.
- red LED head torchRed light keeps your night vision; white light costs you twenty minutes of dark adaptation every time.
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Everything that fits the Seestar S30 Pro →
How it frames
The M99 is 5.4′ × 4.8′ across. The Seestar S30 Pro frames 3.99° × 2.24° at 3.74″ per pixel, so it fills 4% of the frame’s short side.
Longer subs
10, 20 and 30 s in Alt-Az; 60 s only in EQ mode, which needs the TH10 head. Time for a solid image by sub length:
| Sub length | Bortle 3 | Bortle 5 | Bortle 7 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 s | 1 h 19 min472 subs | 2 h 05 min750 subs | 5 h 28 min1,966 subs |
| 20 s | 1 h 06 min199 subs | 1 h 53 min338 subs | 5 h 15 min946 subs |
| 30 s | 1 h 02 min125 subs | 1 h 48 min217 subs | 5 h 11 min623 subs |
| 60 s | 58 min58 subs | 1 h 44 min105 subs | 5 h 07 min308 subs |
Leave the dual-band filter out for the M99. It is a galaxy, and it shines right across the spectrum. A dual-band filter keeps two emission lines and throws the rest away, so most of the light you came for is being stopped along with the sky. From a Bortle 6 sky it would be roughly 12 times slower.
About the M99
A face-on spiral with one arm flung out by an encounter. Small but distinctive.
NGC 4254, Coma Pinwheel · Galaxy in Coma Berenices · magnitude 9.9 · 5.4′ × 4.8′ · best in Mar, Apr, May. Reachable from mid-northern latitudes (UK, northern US, central Europe) and from the south.
Galaxies are broadband targets: their light is mostly starlight spread across the spectrum, so a dual-band filter throws most of it away and makes things slower, not faster. Shoot without a filter (or with a plain UV/IR cut) and rely on total time and a dark sky. The core of a galaxy is usually many times brighter than its outer disc, so a short stack shows the nucleus long before the arms; the figures here are for the arms and disc, not the core.
Field rotation in Alt-Az mode crops the edges of the stack over a long session, so on a big galaxy re-centre now and then or use EQ mode where your scope supports it.
About the ZWO Seestar S30 Pro
The S30 optics upgraded to a quadruplet in front of an 8 MP IMX585. Same speed per pixel as the S30, four times the pixels, so you can crop hard.
10, 20 and 30 s in Alt-Az; 60 s only in EQ mode, which needs the TH10 head. Built-in UV/IR-cut, dual-band (OIII 30 nm / Hα 20 nm) and dark filters on the telephoto camera.
Longer subs matter most under dark skies, where read noise rather than skyglow sets the floor. From a city the difference between 10 s and 60 s subs is small; from a rural site it can halve the total time, especially with a dual-band filter in place.
Stack across nights. Every smart scope app can continue a stack or you can combine the saved frames on a computer; the figures here are totals, not single-session limits.
Have an image of the M99 from a Seestar S30 Pro? Email it with your total time and sky to [email protected] and it goes here, credited.
Same target, other telescopes
- M99 with the ZWO Seestar S50: 2 h 48 min from Bortle 6
- M99 with the ZWO Seestar S50 Pro: 3 h 04 min from Bortle 6
- M99 with the ZWO Seestar S30: 2 h 56 min from Bortle 6
- M99 with the DwarfLab DWARF 3: 4 h 04 min from Bortle 6
- M99 with the DwarfLab DWARF mini: 2 h 47 min from Bortle 6
- M99 with the DwarfLab Draco: 2 h 18 min from Bortle 6
- M99 with the DwarfLab DWARF II: 9 h 34 min from Bortle 6
- M99 with the Vaonis Vespera II: 2 h 48 min from Bortle 6
- M99 with the Vaonis Vespera Pro: 6 h 16 min from Bortle 6
- M99 with the Vaonis Vespera 3: 2 h 40 min from Bortle 6
- M99 with the Vaonis Vespera Pro 2: 5 h 58 min from Bortle 6
- M99 with the Unistellar eQuinox 2: 2 h 32 min from Bortle 6
- M99 with the Unistellar Odyssey: 12 h from Bortle 6
- M99 with the Celestron Origin: 44 min from Bortle 6
- M99 with the Celestron Origin Mark II: 1 h 01 min from Bortle 6
All telescopes for the M99 · All targets for the Seestar S30 Pro