How long to image the NGC 7331 with the DwarfLab Draco
From a Bortle 6 suburban sky, the DwarfLab Draco needs about 1 h 44 min (209 subs of 30 s) for a solid image of the NGC 7331. A quick look takes 26 min; a showpiece 6 h 57 min. Under a Bortle 3 rural sky the solid figure drops to 39 min. At Bortle 6 the limit is skyglow, so a darker site or a filter helps more than longer subs. In this scope's field it fills 13% of the frame’s short side.
| Sky | Quick lookTarget obvious, still noisy | SolidClean enough to share | ShowpieceSmooth faint detail, print-worthy |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bortle 1Excellent dark site | 8 min17 subs | 33 min67 subs | 2 h 13 min266 subs |
| Bortle 2Typical dark site | 9 min18 subs | 35 min71 subs | 2 h 22 min284 subs |
| Bortle 3Rural | 10 min20 subs | 39 min79 subs | 2 h 38 min316 subs |
| Bortle 4Rural / suburban transition | 12 min25 subs | 49 min99 subs | 3 h 18 min396 subs |
| Bortle 5Suburban | 16 min33 subs | 1 h 05 min131 subs | 4 h 21 min523 subs |
| Bortle 6Bright suburban | 26 min53 subs | 1 h 44 min209 subs | 6 h 57 min834 subs |
| Bortle 7Suburban / urban transition | 45 min90 subs | 2 h 58 min357 subs | 12 h1,425 subs |
| Bortle 8City | 1 h 13 min147 subs | 4 h 53 min587 subs | 20 h2,345 subs |
| Bortle 9Inner city | 2 h 14 min269 subs | 8 h 58 min1,076 subs | 36 h4,304 subs |
Power and kit for this session
Allowing for slewing, focusing and rejected subs, that is about 2 h 15 min of run time. The Draco’s battery (rated about 5 h) should cover it; a power bank still keeps the phone running the app alive. (Bortle 6, solid image; we allow 30% over the integration time.)
- USB-C PD power bank 20000mAhRated 5 h on its 10,000 mAh battery. DwarfLab has not published the charging input, so check PD support before relying on it mid-session.
- red LED head torchRed light keeps your night vision; white light costs you twenty minutes of dark adaptation every time.
Affiliate links: the retailer pays us a small commission and you pay the same price. These are search links to the named product, not endorsements of a particular listing; check the listing matches your model.
Everything that fits the Draco →
How it frames
The NGC 7331 is 10′ × 4′ across. The Draco frames 1.66° × 1.24° at 1.46″ per pixel, so it fills 13% of the frame’s short side.
Longer subs
Auto Mode picks the exposure; Pro Mode allows up to 300 s, held by built-in guiding and field derotation. The 30 s default here is our assumption. Time for a solid image by sub length:
| Sub length | Bortle 3 | Bortle 5 | Bortle 7 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 30 s | 39 min79 subs | 1 h 05 min131 subs | 2 h 58 min357 subs |
| 60 s | 34 min35 subs | 1 h60 subs | 2 h 53 min173 subs |
| 120 s | 1 h30 subs | 1 h30 subs | 2 h 50 min85 subs |
| 300 s | 2 h 30 min30 subs | 2 h 30 min30 subs | 2 h 48 min34 subs |
Leave the dual-band filter out for the NGC 7331. It is a galaxy, and it shines right across the spectrum. A dual-band filter keeps two emission lines and throws the rest away, so most of the light you came for is being stopped along with the sky. From a Bortle 6 sky it would be roughly 11 times slower.
About the NGC 7331
A tilted spiral often compared to the Milky Way, with a group of background galaxies alongside. Stephan's Quintet is half a degree away.
Caldwell 30 · Galaxy in Pegasus · magnitude 9.5 · 10′ × 4′ · best in Aug, Sep, Oct. Reachable from mid-northern latitudes (UK, northern US, central Europe) and from the south.
Galaxies are broadband targets: their light is mostly starlight spread across the spectrum, so a dual-band filter throws most of it away and makes things slower, not faster. Shoot without a filter (or with a plain UV/IR cut) and rely on total time and a dark sky. The core of a galaxy is usually many times brighter than its outer disc, so a short stack shows the nucleus long before the arms; the figures here are for the arms and disc, not the core.
Field rotation in Alt-Az mode crops the edges of the stack over a long session, so on a big galaxy re-centre now and then or use EQ mode where your scope supports it.
About the DwarfLab Draco
DwarfLab’s big scope: 90 mm of folded f/3.8 optics, the most aperture of any Seestar or DWARF, a narrow 13 nm dual-band filter and 300 s subs with built-in guiding. A small-target scope; big nebulae need its mosaic mode.
Auto Mode picks the exposure; Pro Mode allows up to 300 s, held by built-in guiding and field derotation. The 30 s default here is our assumption. Built-in Hα + OIII dual-narrowband filter, 13 nm per line; the SHO Edition adds an SII option.
Longer subs matter most under dark skies, where read noise rather than skyglow sets the floor. From a city the difference between 30 s and 300 s subs is small; from a rural site it can halve the total time, especially with a dual-band filter in place.
Stack across nights. Every smart scope app can continue a stack or you can combine the saved frames on a computer; the figures here are totals, not single-session limits.
Have an image of the NGC 7331 from a Draco? Email it with your total time and sky to [email protected] and it goes here, credited.
Same target, other telescopes
- NGC 7331 with the ZWO Seestar S50: 2 h 07 min from Bortle 6
- NGC 7331 with the ZWO Seestar S50 Pro: 2 h 19 min from Bortle 6
- NGC 7331 with the ZWO Seestar S30: 2 h 13 min from Bortle 6
- NGC 7331 with the ZWO Seestar S30 Pro: 2 h 27 min from Bortle 6
- NGC 7331 with the DwarfLab DWARF 3: 3 h 04 min from Bortle 6
- NGC 7331 with the DwarfLab DWARF mini: 2 h 06 min from Bortle 6
- NGC 7331 with the DwarfLab DWARF II: 7 h 14 min from Bortle 6
- NGC 7331 with the Vaonis Vespera II: 2 h 07 min from Bortle 6
- NGC 7331 with the Vaonis Vespera Pro: 4 h 44 min from Bortle 6
- NGC 7331 with the Vaonis Vespera 3: 2 h 01 min from Bortle 6
- NGC 7331 with the Vaonis Vespera Pro 2: 4 h 31 min from Bortle 6
- NGC 7331 with the Unistellar eQuinox 2: 1 h 55 min from Bortle 6
- NGC 7331 with the Unistellar Odyssey: 8 h 52 min from Bortle 6
- NGC 7331 with the Celestron Origin: 34 min from Bortle 6
- NGC 7331 with the Celestron Origin Mark II: 46 min from Bortle 6