How long to image the Horsehead Nebula with the DwarfLab DWARF II
From a Bortle 6 suburban sky, the DwarfLab DWARF II needs about 11 h (2,663 subs of 15 s) for a solid image of the Horsehead Nebula. A quick look takes 2 h 46 min; a showpiece 44 h. Under a Bortle 3 rural sky the solid figure drops to 5 h 26 min. At Bortle 6 the limit is a mix of skyglow and read noise. In this scope's field it fills 56% of the frame’s short side.
| Sky | Quick lookTarget obvious, still noisy | SolidClean enough to share | ShowpieceSmooth faint detail, print-worthy |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bortle 1Excellent dark site | 1 h 13 min294 subs | 4 h 53 min1,174 subs | 20 h4,695 subs |
| Bortle 2Typical dark site | 1 h 16 min305 subs | 5 h 05 min1,220 subs | 20 h4,878 subs |
| Bortle 3Rural | 1 h 22 min327 subs | 5 h 26 min1,306 subs | 22 h5,224 subs |
| Bortle 4Rural / suburban transition | 1 h 35 min379 subs | 6 h 19 min1,516 subs | 25 h6,062 subs |
| Bortle 5Suburban | 1 h 55 min462 subs | 7 h 42 min1,848 subs | 31 h7,390 subs |
| Bortle 6Bright suburban | 2 h 46 min666 subs | 11 h2,663 subs | 44 h10,649 subs |
| Bortle 7Suburban / urban transition | 4 h 23 min1,054 subs | 18 h4,215 subs | 70 h16,859 subs |
| Bortle 8City | 6 h 54 min1,657 subs | 28 h6,625 subs | 110+ h26,500 subs |
| Bortle 9Inner city | 12 h2,942 subs | 49 h11,766 subs | 200+ h47,063 subs |
Power and kit for this session
Allowing for slewing, focusing and rejected subs, that is about 14 h of run time. That is more than one night: over 3 nights, about 4 h 48 min each. The DWARF II’s battery is rated at about 3 h, less near freezing, so each night needs an external power bank. (Bortle 6, solid image; we allow 30% over the integration time, and 30% off the battery for a December night.)
- USB-C PD power bank 10000mAh 18W18 W PD input; runs while charging.
- red LED head torchRed light keeps your night vision; white light costs you twenty minutes of dark adaptation every time.
- hand warmers long lastingAir-activated packs give hours of heat for the person; winter nights are long and you spend most of them standing still.
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Everything that fits the DWARF II →
How it frames
The Horsehead Nebula is 60′ × 10′ across. The DWARF II frames 3.19° × 1.79° at 2.99″ per pixel, so it fills 56% of the frame’s short side.
Filters
The Horsehead Nebula is an emission target, where a dual-band filter would normally cut the time several-fold from a lit sky, but the DWARF II has no dual-band option: Two built-in filters, VIS and Astro (IR-pass); no dual-band. The optional UHC filter is no longer sold. The figures above are for the Astro position, and a darker sky is the lever that remains.
About the Horsehead Nebula
The horse's head is a dark cloud in front of the glowing IC 434 ribbon. You image the ribbon; the head is what is missing. Dual-band, and expect a few hours from suburbia.
IC 434, Barnard 33 · Emission nebula in Orion · magnitude 7.3 · 60′ × 10′ · best in Nov, Dec, Jan. Reachable from mid-northern latitudes (UK, northern US, central Europe) and from the south.
Emission nebulae glow in a few narrow lines, mostly hydrogen-alpha (deep red) and doubly ionised oxygen (teal). A dual-band filter passes those lines and blocks most skyglow, which is why it cuts the time needed from a suburban sky so dramatically. Use it. From a genuinely dark site the gain is smaller because there is less skyglow to block, and read noise becomes the limit, which is where longer subs (EQ mode, or Expert Mode on a Vespera) earn their keep.
Stars lose colour through a dual-band filter; a short broadband stack blended in fixes that if you care.
About the DwarfLab DWARF II
The original pocket scope. 24 mm aperture and tiny 1.45 µm pixels mean it is slow per pixel, so bin or downsample and be patient.
15 s is the hard maximum in any mode; DwarfLab recommends EQ mode at 15 s. Two built-in filters, VIS and Astro (IR-pass); no dual-band. The optional UHC filter is no longer sold.
The DWARF II uses fixed 15 s subs, so the only levers you have are the sky you shoot from, the filter, and total time.
Stack across nights. Every smart scope app can continue a stack or you can combine the saved frames on a computer; the figures here are totals, not single-session limits.
Have an image of the Horsehead Nebula from a DWARF II? Email it with your total time and sky to [email protected] and it goes here, credited.
Same target, other telescopes
- Horsehead Nebula with the ZWO Seestar S50: 2 h from Bortle 6
- Horsehead Nebula with the ZWO Seestar S50 Pro: 2 h 15 min from Bortle 6
- Horsehead Nebula with the ZWO Seestar S30: 2 h 20 min from Bortle 6
- Horsehead Nebula with the ZWO Seestar S30 Pro: 2 h 25 min from Bortle 6
- Horsehead Nebula with the DwarfLab DWARF 3: 2 h 28 min from Bortle 6
- Horsehead Nebula with the DwarfLab DWARF mini: 1 h 58 min from Bortle 6
- Horsehead Nebula with the DwarfLab Draco: 1 h 35 min from Bortle 6
- Horsehead Nebula with the Vaonis Vespera II: 3 h 13 min from Bortle 6
- Horsehead Nebula with the Vaonis Vespera Pro: 7 h 14 min from Bortle 6
- Horsehead Nebula with the Vaonis Vespera 3: 3 h 05 min from Bortle 6
- Horsehead Nebula with the Vaonis Vespera Pro 2: 6 h 53 min from Bortle 6
- Horsehead Nebula with the Unistellar eQuinox 2: 2 h 57 min from Bortle 6
- Horsehead Nebula with the Unistellar Odyssey: 14 h from Bortle 6
- Horsehead Nebula with the Celestron Origin: 51 min from Bortle 6
- Horsehead Nebula with the Celestron Origin Mark II: 1 h 10 min from Bortle 6
All telescopes for the Horsehead Nebula · All targets for the DWARF II