How long to image the Triangulum Galaxy with the DwarfLab Draco
From a Bortle 6 suburban sky, the DwarfLab Draco needs about 2 h 13 min (266 subs of 30 s) for a solid image of the Triangulum Galaxy. A quick look takes 33 min; a showpiece 8 h 51 min. Under a Bortle 3 rural sky the solid figure drops to 48 min. At Bortle 6 the limit is skyglow, so a darker site or a filter helps more than longer subs. In this scope's field it only just fits, at 98% of the short side.
| Sky | Quick lookTarget obvious, still noisy | SolidClean enough to share | ShowpieceSmooth faint detail, print-worthy |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bortle 1Excellent dark site | 10 min20 subs | 40 min80 subs | 2 h 40 min320 subs |
| Bortle 2Typical dark site | 11 min22 subs | 43 min86 subs | 2 h 51 min342 subs |
| Bortle 3Rural | 12 min25 subs | 48 min97 subs | 3 h 13 min386 subs |
| Bortle 4Rural / suburban transition | 15 min31 subs | 1 h 01 min123 subs | 4 h 05 min490 subs |
| Bortle 5Suburban | 20 min41 subs | 1 h 22 min164 subs | 5 h 28 min656 subs |
| Bortle 6Bright suburban | 33 min67 subs | 2 h 13 min266 subs | 8 h 51 min1,063 subs |
| Bortle 7Suburban / urban transition | 57 min115 subs | 3 h 50 min460 subs | 15 h1,838 subs |
| Bortle 8City | 1 h 35 min191 subs | 6 h 20 min761 subs | 25 h3,041 subs |
| Bortle 9Inner city | 2 h 55 min351 subs | 12 h1,402 subs | 47 h5,607 subs |
Power and kit for this session
Allowing for slewing, focusing and rejected subs, that is about 2 h 53 min of run time. The Draco’s battery (rated about 5 h) should cover it; a power bank still keeps the phone running the app alive. (Bortle 6, solid image; we allow 30% over the integration time.)
- USB-C PD power bank 20000mAhRated 5 h on its 10,000 mAh battery. DwarfLab has not published the charging input, so check PD support before relying on it mid-session.
- red LED head torchRed light keeps your night vision; white light costs you twenty minutes of dark adaptation every time.
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How it frames
The Triangulum Galaxy is 73′ × 45′ across. The Draco frames 1.66° × 1.24° at 1.46″ per pixel, so it only just fits, at 98% of the short side. Centre it carefully: there is no room to crop back afterwards.
Longer subs
Auto Mode picks the exposure; Pro Mode allows up to 300 s, held by built-in guiding and field derotation. The 30 s default here is our assumption. Time for a solid image by sub length:
| Sub length | Bortle 3 | Bortle 5 | Bortle 7 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 30 s | 48 min97 subs | 1 h 22 min164 subs | 3 h 50 min460 subs |
| 60 s | 41 min42 subs | 1 h 15 min75 subs | 3 h 43 min223 subs |
| 120 s | 1 h30 subs | 1 h 11 min36 subs | 3 h 39 min110 subs |
| 300 s | 2 h 30 min30 subs | 2 h 30 min30 subs | 3 h 37 min44 subs |
Leave the dual-band filter out for the Triangulum Galaxy. It is a galaxy, and it shines right across the spectrum. A dual-band filter keeps two emission lines and throws the rest away, so most of the light you came for is being stopped along with the sky. From a Bortle 6 sky it would be roughly 11 times slower.
About the Triangulum Galaxy
Big, face-on and low in surface brightness. Nearly as bright as M31 overall but spread thin, so it needs far more time. Its H II regions pop with a dual-band filter.
M33, NGC 598 · Galaxy in Triangulum · magnitude 5.7 · 73′ × 45′ · best in Sep, Oct, Nov. Reachable from mid-northern latitudes (UK, northern US, central Europe) and from the south.
Galaxies are broadband targets: their light is mostly starlight spread across the spectrum, so a dual-band filter throws most of it away and makes things slower, not faster. Shoot without a filter (or with a plain UV/IR cut) and rely on total time and a dark sky. The core of a galaxy is usually many times brighter than its outer disc, so a short stack shows the nucleus long before the arms; the figures here are for the arms and disc, not the core.
Field rotation in Alt-Az mode crops the edges of the stack over a long session, so on a big galaxy re-centre now and then or use EQ mode where your scope supports it.
About the DwarfLab Draco
DwarfLab’s big scope: 90 mm of folded f/3.8 optics, the most aperture of any Seestar or DWARF, a narrow 13 nm dual-band filter and 300 s subs with built-in guiding. A small-target scope; big nebulae need its mosaic mode.
Auto Mode picks the exposure; Pro Mode allows up to 300 s, held by built-in guiding and field derotation. The 30 s default here is our assumption. Built-in Hα + OIII dual-narrowband filter, 13 nm per line; the SHO Edition adds an SII option.
Longer subs matter most under dark skies, where read noise rather than skyglow sets the floor. From a city the difference between 30 s and 300 s subs is small; from a rural site it can halve the total time, especially with a dual-band filter in place.
Stack across nights. Every smart scope app can continue a stack or you can combine the saved frames on a computer; the figures here are totals, not single-session limits.
Have an image of the Triangulum Galaxy from a Draco? Email it with your total time and sky to [email protected] and it goes here, credited.
Same target, other telescopes
- Triangulum Galaxy with the ZWO Seestar S50: 2 h 42 min from Bortle 6
- Triangulum Galaxy with the ZWO Seestar S50 Pro: 2 h 57 min from Bortle 6
- Triangulum Galaxy with the ZWO Seestar S30: 2 h 50 min from Bortle 6
- Triangulum Galaxy with the ZWO Seestar S30 Pro: 3 h 08 min from Bortle 6
- Triangulum Galaxy with the DwarfLab DWARF 3: 3 h 55 min from Bortle 6
- Triangulum Galaxy with the DwarfLab DWARF mini: 2 h 41 min from Bortle 6
- Triangulum Galaxy with the DwarfLab DWARF II: 9 h 16 min from Bortle 6
- Triangulum Galaxy with the Vaonis Vespera II: 2 h 42 min from Bortle 6
- Triangulum Galaxy with the Vaonis Vespera Pro: 6 h 03 min from Bortle 6
- Triangulum Galaxy with the Vaonis Vespera 3: 2 h 35 min from Bortle 6
- Triangulum Galaxy with the Vaonis Vespera Pro 2: 5 h 46 min from Bortle 6
- Triangulum Galaxy with the Unistellar eQuinox 2: 2 h 28 min from Bortle 6
- Triangulum Galaxy with the Unistellar Odyssey: 11 h from Bortle 6
- Triangulum Galaxy with the Celestron Origin: 43 min from Bortle 6
- Triangulum Galaxy with the Celestron Origin Mark II: 59 min from Bortle 6
All telescopes for the Triangulum Galaxy · All targets for the Draco