How long to image the M59 with the ZWO Seestar S30 Pro
From a Bortle 6 suburban sky, the ZWO Seestar S30 Pro needs about 56 min (334 subs of 10 s) for a solid image of the M59. A quick look takes 14 min; a showpiece 3 h 43 min. Under a Bortle 3 rural sky the solid figure drops to 25 min. At Bortle 6 the limit is skyglow, so a darker site or a filter helps more than longer subs. In this scope's field it fills 4% of the frame’s short side.
| Sky | Quick lookTarget obvious, still noisy | SolidClean enough to share | ShowpieceSmooth faint detail, print-worthy |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bortle 1Excellent dark site | 6 min34 subs | 22 min134 subs | 1 h 29 min534 subs |
| Bortle 2Typical dark site | 6 min35 subs | 23 min140 subs | 1 h 33 min558 subs |
| Bortle 3Rural | 6 min38 subs | 25 min152 subs | 1 h 41 min605 subs |
| Bortle 4Rural / suburban transition | 7 min45 subs | 30 min180 subs | 2 h718 subs |
| Bortle 5Suburban | 9 min57 subs | 37 min225 subs | 2 h 29 min897 subs |
| Bortle 6Bright suburban | 14 min84 subs | 56 min334 subs | 3 h 43 min1,336 subs |
| Bortle 7Suburban / urban transition | 23 min136 subs | 1 h 30 min543 subs | 6 h 02 min2,172 subs |
| Bortle 8City | 36 min217 subs | 2 h 25 min868 subs | 9 h 39 min3,472 subs |
| Bortle 9Inner city | 1 h 05 min391 subs | 4 h 20 min1,561 subs | 17 h6,242 subs |
Power and kit for this session
Allowing for slewing, focusing and rejected subs, that is about 1 h 12 min of run time. The Seestar S30 Pro’s battery (rated about 5 h) should cover it; a power bank still keeps the phone running the app alive. (Bortle 6, solid image; we allow 30% over the integration time.)
- USB-C power bank 10000mAh 5V 3A5 V 3 A input and it runs while charging.
- Seestar S30 Pro dew shieldActive anti-dew is built in; a shield adds margin. The S30 Pro front differs from the S30, so check the listing.
- red LED head torchRed light keeps your night vision; white light costs you twenty minutes of dark adaptation every time.
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Everything that fits the Seestar S30 Pro →
How it frames
The M59 is 5′ × 3.5′ across. The Seestar S30 Pro frames 3.99° × 2.24° at 3.74″ per pixel, so it fills 4% of the frame’s short side.
Longer subs
10, 20 and 30 s in Alt-Az; 60 s only in EQ mode, which needs the TH10 head. Time for a solid image by sub length:
| Sub length | Bortle 3 | Bortle 5 | Bortle 7 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 s | 25 min152 subs | 37 min225 subs | 1 h 30 min543 subs |
| 20 s | 22 min66 subs | 34 min103 subs | 1 h 27 min262 subs |
| 30 s | 21 min42 subs | 33 min67 subs | 1 h 26 min173 subs |
| 60 s | 30 min30 subs | 32 min32 subs | 1 h 25 min86 subs |
Leave the dual-band filter out for the M59. It is a galaxy, and it shines right across the spectrum. A dual-band filter keeps two emission lines and throws the rest away, so most of the light you came for is being stopped along with the sky. From a Bortle 6 sky it would be roughly 12 times slower.
About the M59
An elliptical galaxy in Virgo, close to M60. A smudge, but a bright one.
NGC 4621 · Galaxy in Virgo · magnitude 9.6 · 5′ × 3.5′ · best in Mar, Apr, May. Reachable from mid-northern latitudes (UK, northern US, central Europe) and from the south.
Galaxies are broadband targets: their light is mostly starlight spread across the spectrum, so a dual-band filter throws most of it away and makes things slower, not faster. Shoot without a filter (or with a plain UV/IR cut) and rely on total time and a dark sky. The core of a galaxy is usually many times brighter than its outer disc, so a short stack shows the nucleus long before the arms; the figures here are for the arms and disc, not the core.
Field rotation in Alt-Az mode crops the edges of the stack over a long session, so on a big galaxy re-centre now and then or use EQ mode where your scope supports it.
About the ZWO Seestar S30 Pro
The S30 optics upgraded to a quadruplet in front of an 8 MP IMX585. Same speed per pixel as the S30, four times the pixels, so you can crop hard.
10, 20 and 30 s in Alt-Az; 60 s only in EQ mode, which needs the TH10 head. Built-in UV/IR-cut, dual-band (OIII 30 nm / Hα 20 nm) and dark filters on the telephoto camera.
Longer subs matter most under dark skies, where read noise rather than skyglow sets the floor. From a city the difference between 10 s and 60 s subs is small; from a rural site it can halve the total time, especially with a dual-band filter in place.
Stack across nights. Every smart scope app can continue a stack or you can combine the saved frames on a computer; the figures here are totals, not single-session limits.
Have an image of the M59 from a Seestar S30 Pro? Email it with your total time and sky to [email protected] and it goes here, credited.
Same target, other telescopes
- M59 with the ZWO Seestar S50: 48 min from Bortle 6
- M59 with the ZWO Seestar S50 Pro: 53 min from Bortle 6
- M59 with the ZWO Seestar S30: 50 min from Bortle 6
- M59 with the DwarfLab DWARF 3: 1 h 10 min from Bortle 6
- M59 with the DwarfLab DWARF mini: 48 min from Bortle 6
- M59 with the DwarfLab Draco: 40 min from Bortle 6
- M59 with the DwarfLab DWARF II: 2 h 42 min from Bortle 6
- M59 with the Vaonis Vespera II: 48 min from Bortle 6
- M59 with the Vaonis Vespera Pro: 1 h 47 min from Bortle 6
- M59 with the Vaonis Vespera 3: 46 min from Bortle 6
- M59 with the Vaonis Vespera Pro 2: 1 h 42 min from Bortle 6
- M59 with the Unistellar eQuinox 2: 42 min from Bortle 6
- M59 with the Unistellar Odyssey: 3 h 13 min from Bortle 6
- M59 with the Celestron Origin: 13 min from Bortle 6
- M59 with the Celestron Origin Mark II: 18 min from Bortle 6
All telescopes for the M59 · All targets for the Seestar S30 Pro