How long to image the M66 with the DwarfLab DWARF mini
From a Bortle 6 suburban sky, the DwarfLab DWARF mini needs about 41 min (164 subs of 15 s) for a solid image of the M66. A quick look takes 10 min; a showpiece 2 h 43 min. Under a Bortle 3 rural sky the solid figure drops to 18 min. At Bortle 6 the limit is skyglow, so a darker site or a filter helps more than longer subs. In this scope's field it fills 13% of the frame’s short side.
| Sky | Quick lookTarget obvious, still noisy | SolidClean enough to share | ShowpieceSmooth faint detail, print-worthy |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bortle 1Excellent dark site | 4 min16 subs | 15 min62 subs | 1 h 02 min248 subs |
| Bortle 2Typical dark site | 4 min17 subs | 16 min65 subs | 1 h 05 min260 subs |
| Bortle 3Rural | 4 min18 subs | 18 min71 subs | 1 h 11 min284 subs |
| Bortle 4Rural / suburban transition | 5 min22 subs | 21 min86 subs | 1 h 25 min341 subs |
| Bortle 5Suburban | 7 min27 subs | 27 min108 subs | 1 h 48 min431 subs |
| Bortle 6Bright suburban | 10 min41 subs | 41 min164 subs | 2 h 43 min653 subs |
| Bortle 7Suburban / urban transition | 17 min68 subs | 1 h 07 min270 subs | 4 h 29 min1,077 subs |
| Bortle 8City | 27 min109 subs | 1 h 48 min434 subs | 7 h 13 min1,734 subs |
| Bortle 9Inner city | 49 min196 subs | 3 h 16 min784 subs | 13 h3,135 subs |
Power and kit for this session
Allowing for slewing, focusing and rejected subs, that is about 53 min of run time. The DWARF mini’s battery (rated about 3 h 30 min) should cover it; a power bank still keeps the phone running the app alive. (Bortle 6, solid image; we allow 30% over the integration time.)
- USB-C PD power bank 10000mAh 20W7,000 mAh inside, about four hours; a PD bank extends the night.
- red LED head torchRed light keeps your night vision; white light costs you twenty minutes of dark adaptation every time.
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Everything that fits the DWARF mini →
How it frames
The M66 is 9′ × 4′ across. The DWARF mini frames 2.13° × 1.20° at 3.99″ per pixel, so it fills 13% of the frame’s short side.
Longer subs
Auto mode caps subs at 15 s; 30 s and longer need EQ mode, and 90 s is the ceiling. Time for a solid image by sub length:
| Sub length | Bortle 3 | Bortle 5 | Bortle 7 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 15 s | 18 min71 subs | 27 min108 subs | 1 h 07 min270 subs |
| 30 s | 16 min32 subs | 25 min50 subs | 1 h 05 min131 subs |
| 60 s | 30 min30 subs | 30 min30 subs | 1 h 04 min65 subs |
| 90 s | 45 min30 subs | 45 min30 subs | 1 h 04 min43 subs |
Leave the dual-band filter out for the M66. It is a galaxy, and it shines right across the spectrum. A dual-band filter keeps two emission lines and throws the rest away, so most of the light you came for is being stopped along with the sky. From a Bortle 6 sky it would be roughly 11 times slower.
About the M66
The brightest of the Leo Triplet, with asymmetric arms from a past encounter.
NGC 3627 · Galaxy in Leo · magnitude 8.9 · 9′ × 4′ · best in Feb, Mar, Apr. Reachable from mid-northern latitudes (UK, northern US, central Europe) and from the south.
Galaxies are broadband targets: their light is mostly starlight spread across the spectrum, so a dual-band filter throws most of it away and makes things slower, not faster. Shoot without a filter (or with a plain UV/IR cut) and rely on total time and a dark sky. The core of a galaxy is usually many times brighter than its outer disc, so a short stack shows the nucleus long before the arms; the figures here are for the arms and disc, not the core.
Field rotation in Alt-Az mode crops the edges of the stack over a long session, so on a big galaxy re-centre now and then or use EQ mode where your scope supports it.
About the DwarfLab DWARF mini
DwarfLab’s answer to the Seestar S30: same sensor and focal length, big pixels, dual-band filter built in, and 90 s subs in EQ mode. Sensitivity over megapixels.
Auto mode caps subs at 15 s; 30 s and longer need EQ mode, and 90 s is the ceiling. Built-in Astro (430 to 690 nm), dark-frame and dual-band Hα / OIII filters; no plain VIS filter on the tele camera.
Longer subs matter most under dark skies, where read noise rather than skyglow sets the floor. From a city the difference between 15 s and 90 s subs is small; from a rural site it can halve the total time, especially with a dual-band filter in place.
Stack across nights. Every smart scope app can continue a stack or you can combine the saved frames on a computer; the figures here are totals, not single-session limits.
Have an image of the M66 from a DWARF mini? Email it with your total time and sky to [email protected] and it goes here, credited.
Same target, other telescopes
- M66 with the ZWO Seestar S50: 41 min from Bortle 6
- M66 with the ZWO Seestar S50 Pro: 45 min from Bortle 6
- M66 with the ZWO Seestar S30: 43 min from Bortle 6
- M66 with the ZWO Seestar S30 Pro: 47 min from Bortle 6
- M66 with the DwarfLab DWARF 3: 1 h from Bortle 6
- M66 with the DwarfLab Draco: 34 min from Bortle 6
- M66 with the DwarfLab DWARF II: 2 h 18 min from Bortle 6
- M66 with the Vaonis Vespera II: 41 min from Bortle 6
- M66 with the Vaonis Vespera Pro: 1 h 31 min from Bortle 6
- M66 with the Vaonis Vespera 3: 39 min from Bortle 6
- M66 with the Vaonis Vespera Pro 2: 1 h 27 min from Bortle 6
- M66 with the Unistellar eQuinox 2: 36 min from Bortle 6
- M66 with the Unistellar Odyssey: 2 h 46 min from Bortle 6
- M66 with the Celestron Origin: 11 min from Bortle 6
- M66 with the Celestron Origin Mark II: 15 min from Bortle 6