How long to image the M72 with the DwarfLab DWARF mini
From a Bortle 6 suburban sky, the DwarfLab DWARF mini needs about 1 h 11 min (285 subs of 15 s) for a solid image of the M72. A quick look takes 18 min; a showpiece 4 h 44 min. Under a Bortle 3 rural sky the solid figure drops to 30 min. At Bortle 6 the limit is skyglow, so a darker site or a filter helps more than longer subs. In this scope's field it fills 8% of the frame’s short side.
| Sky | Quick lookTarget obvious, still noisy | SolidClean enough to share | ShowpieceSmooth faint detail, print-worthy |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bortle 1Excellent dark site | 6 min26 subs | 26 min104 subs | 1 h 44 min416 subs |
| Bortle 2Typical dark site | 7 min28 subs | 27 min110 subs | 1 h 49 min438 subs |
| Bortle 3Rural | 7 min30 subs | 30 min120 subs | 2 h480 subs |
| Bortle 4Rural / suburban transition | 9 min37 subs | 36 min146 subs | 2 h 25 min582 subs |
| Bortle 5Suburban | 12 min47 subs | 46 min186 subs | 3 h 06 min743 subs |
| Bortle 6Bright suburban | 18 min72 subs | 1 h 11 min285 subs | 4 h 44 min1,138 subs |
| Bortle 7Suburban / urban transition | 30 min119 subs | 1 h 58 min473 subs | 7 h 53 min1,892 subs |
| Bortle 8City | 48 min192 subs | 3 h 11 min766 subs | 13 h3,061 subs |
| Bortle 9Inner city | 1 h 27 min348 subs | 5 h 47 min1,389 subs | 23 h5,555 subs |
Power and kit for this session
Allowing for slewing, focusing and rejected subs, that is about 1 h 32 min of run time. The DWARF mini’s battery (rated about 3 h 30 min) should cover it; a power bank still keeps the phone running the app alive. (Bortle 6, solid image; we allow 30% over the integration time.)
- USB-C PD power bank 10000mAh 20W7,000 mAh inside, about four hours; a PD bank extends the night.
- red LED head torchRed light keeps your night vision; white light costs you twenty minutes of dark adaptation every time.
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Everything that fits the DWARF mini →
How it frames
The M72 is 6′ across. The DWARF mini frames 2.13° × 1.20° at 3.99″ per pixel, so it fills 8% of the frame’s short side.
Longer subs
Auto mode caps subs at 15 s; 30 s and longer need EQ mode, and 90 s is the ceiling. Time for a solid image by sub length:
| Sub length | Bortle 3 | Bortle 5 | Bortle 7 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 15 s | 30 min120 subs | 46 min186 subs | 1 h 58 min473 subs |
| 30 s | 26 min53 subs | 43 min86 subs | 1 h 54 min229 subs |
| 60 s | 30 min30 subs | 41 min41 subs | 1 h 53 min113 subs |
| 90 s | 45 min30 subs | 45 min30 subs | 1 h 52 min75 subs |
Leave the dual-band filter out for the M72. It is a globular cluster, and it shines right across the spectrum. A dual-band filter keeps two emission lines and throws the rest away, so most of the light you came for is being stopped along with the sky. From a Bortle 6 sky it would be roughly 11 times slower.
About the M72
A faint, distant globular in Aquarius. Among the harder Messier globulars.
NGC 6981 · Globular cluster in Aquarius · magnitude 9.3 · 6′ · best in Jul, Aug, Sep. Reachable from mid-northern latitudes (UK, northern US, central Europe) and from the south.
Globular clusters are point sources packed tight, so they come quickly: the core resolves into stars within a handful of minutes on any smart scope. More time deepens the halo and pulls in the faint outer members. Use short subs so the core does not saturate into a white blob, and no filter.
About the DwarfLab DWARF mini
DwarfLab’s answer to the Seestar S30: same sensor and focal length, big pixels, dual-band filter built in, and 90 s subs in EQ mode. Sensitivity over megapixels.
Auto mode caps subs at 15 s; 30 s and longer need EQ mode, and 90 s is the ceiling. Built-in Astro (430 to 690 nm), dark-frame and dual-band Hα / OIII filters; no plain VIS filter on the tele camera.
Longer subs matter most under dark skies, where read noise rather than skyglow sets the floor. From a city the difference between 15 s and 90 s subs is small; from a rural site it can halve the total time, especially with a dual-band filter in place.
Stack across nights. Every smart scope app can continue a stack or you can combine the saved frames on a computer; the figures here are totals, not single-session limits.
Have an image of the M72 from a DWARF mini? Email it with your total time and sky to [email protected] and it goes here, credited.
Same target, other telescopes
- M72 with the ZWO Seestar S50: 1 h 11 min from Bortle 6
- M72 with the ZWO Seestar S50 Pro: 1 h 18 min from Bortle 6
- M72 with the ZWO Seestar S30: 1 h 15 min from Bortle 6
- M72 with the ZWO Seestar S30 Pro: 1 h 23 min from Bortle 6
- M72 with the DwarfLab DWARF 3: 1 h 44 min from Bortle 6
- M72 with the DwarfLab Draco: 59 min from Bortle 6
- M72 with the DwarfLab DWARF II: 4 h 02 min from Bortle 6
- M72 with the Vaonis Vespera II: 1 h 11 min from Bortle 6
- M72 with the Vaonis Vespera Pro: 2 h 39 min from Bortle 6
- M72 with the Vaonis Vespera 3: 1 h 08 min from Bortle 6
- M72 with the Vaonis Vespera Pro 2: 2 h 32 min from Bortle 6
- M72 with the Unistellar eQuinox 2: 1 h 04 min from Bortle 6
- M72 with the Unistellar Odyssey: 4 h 51 min from Bortle 6
- M72 with the Celestron Origin: 19 min from Bortle 6
- M72 with the Celestron Origin Mark II: 26 min from Bortle 6