How long to image the M74 with the ZWO Seestar S50 Pro
From a Bortle 6 suburban sky, the ZWO Seestar S50 Pro needs about 6 h 02 min (2,170 subs of 10 s) for a solid image of the M74. A quick look takes 1 h 30 min; a showpiece 24 h. Under a Bortle 3 rural sky the solid figure drops to 2 h 15 min. At Bortle 6 the limit is skyglow, so a darker site or a filter helps more than longer subs. In this scope's field it fills 12% of the frame’s short side.
| Sky | Quick lookTarget obvious, still noisy | SolidClean enough to share | ShowpieceSmooth faint detail, print-worthy |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bortle 1Excellent dark site | 28 min170 subs | 1 h 53 min679 subs | 7 h 32 min2,713 subs |
| Bortle 2Typical dark site | 30 min181 subs | 2 h 01 min724 subs | 8 h 03 min2,896 subs |
| Bortle 3Rural | 34 min203 subs | 2 h 15 min811 subs | 9 h3,243 subs |
| Bortle 4Rural / suburban transition | 43 min256 subs | 2 h 50 min1,021 subs | 11 h4,083 subs |
| Bortle 5Suburban | 56 min339 subs | 3 h 46 min1,354 subs | 15 h5,413 subs |
| Bortle 6Bright suburban | 1 h 30 min543 subs | 6 h 02 min2,170 subs | 24 h8,678 subs |
| Bortle 7Suburban / urban transition | 2 h 35 min932 subs | 10 h3,725 subs | 41 h14,899 subs |
| Bortle 8City | 4 h 16 min1,535 subs | 17 h6,140 subs | 68 h24,558 subs |
| Bortle 9Inner city | 7 h 50 min2,823 subs | 31 h11,290 subs | 130+ h45,157 subs |
Power and kit for this session
Allowing for slewing, focusing and rejected subs, that is about 7 h 50 min of run time. That is more than one night: over 2 nights, about 3 h 55 min each. The Seestar S50 Pro’s battery (rated about 9 h) should cover each night; a power bank still keeps the phone running the app alive. (Bortle 6, solid image; we allow 30% over the integration time.)
- USB-C PD power bank 20000mAh 30WAccepts 12 V 3 A PD, so a 30 W bank tops up the 10,000 mAh cell while imaging.
- Seestar S50 Pro dew shieldDew heater is built in; a shield adds margin on damp nights. Check the listing says S50 Pro.
- red LED head torchRed light keeps your night vision; white light costs you twenty minutes of dark adaptation every time.
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Everything that fits the Seestar S50 Pro →
How it frames
The M74 is 10′ × 9.5′ across. The Seestar S50 Pro frames 2.45° × 1.38° at 2.30″ per pixel, so it fills 12% of the frame’s short side.
Longer subs
10, 20 and 30 s in Alt-Az; 60 s only in EQ mode, and 60 s is the ceiling. Time for a solid image by sub length:
| Sub length | Bortle 3 | Bortle 5 | Bortle 7 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 s | 2 h 15 min811 subs | 3 h 46 min1,354 subs | 10 h3,725 subs |
| 20 s | 1 h 52 min337 subs | 3 h 23 min608 subs | 9 h 58 min1,794 subs |
| 30 s | 1 h 45 min210 subs | 3 h 15 min390 subs | 9 h 50 min1,181 subs |
| 60 s | 1 h 37 min97 subs | 3 h 07 min188 subs | 9 h 43 min583 subs |
Leave the dual-band filter out for the M74. It is a galaxy, and it shines right across the spectrum. A dual-band filter keeps two emission lines and throws the rest away, so most of the light you came for is being stopped along with the sky. From a Bortle 6 sky it would be roughly 12 times slower.
About the M74
A perfect face-on spiral with very low surface brightness, hence the nickname. One of the hardest Messier objects for small scopes.
NGC 628, Phantom Galaxy · Galaxy in Pisces · magnitude 9.4 · 10′ × 9.5′ · best in Sep, Oct, Nov. Reachable from mid-northern latitudes (UK, northern US, central Europe) and from the south.
Galaxies are broadband targets: their light is mostly starlight spread across the spectrum, so a dual-band filter throws most of it away and makes things slower, not faster. Shoot without a filter (or with a plain UV/IR cut) and rely on total time and a dark sky. The core of a galaxy is usually many times brighter than its outer disc, so a short stack shows the nucleus long before the arms; the figures here are for the arms and disc, not the core.
Field rotation in Alt-Az mode crops the edges of the stack over a long session, so on a big galaxy re-centre now and then or use EQ mode where your scope supports it.
About the ZWO Seestar S50 Pro
The S50 optics at 260 mm on an 8 MP 1/1.2-inch sensor: a wider, taller field, four times the pixels, and 60 s subs in EQ mode. Per pixel it is a whisker slower than the S50 because of the longer focal length; the long subs make it the better dark-site scope.
10, 20 and 30 s in Alt-Az; 60 s only in EQ mode, and 60 s is the ceiling. Built-in UV/IR-cut, dual-band (OIII 30 nm / Hα 20 nm) and dark filters on the telephoto camera.
Longer subs matter most under dark skies, where read noise rather than skyglow sets the floor. From a city the difference between 10 s and 60 s subs is small; from a rural site it can halve the total time, especially with a dual-band filter in place.
Stack across nights. Every smart scope app can continue a stack or you can combine the saved frames on a computer; the figures here are totals, not single-session limits.
Have an image of the M74 from a Seestar S50 Pro? Email it with your total time and sky to [email protected] and it goes here, credited.
Same target, other telescopes
- M74 with the ZWO Seestar S50: 5 h 30 min from Bortle 6
- M74 with the ZWO Seestar S30: 5 h 48 min from Bortle 6
- M74 with the ZWO Seestar S30 Pro: 6 h 23 min from Bortle 6
- M74 with the DwarfLab DWARF 3: 7 h 59 min from Bortle 6
- M74 with the DwarfLab DWARF mini: 5 h 29 min from Bortle 6
- M74 with the DwarfLab Draco: 4 h 31 min from Bortle 6
- M74 with the DwarfLab DWARF II: 19 h from Bortle 6
- M74 with the Vaonis Vespera II: 5 h 30 min from Bortle 6
- M74 with the Vaonis Vespera Pro: 12 h from Bortle 6
- M74 with the Vaonis Vespera 3: 5 h 16 min from Bortle 6
- M74 with the Vaonis Vespera Pro 2: 12 h from Bortle 6
- M74 with the Unistellar eQuinox 2: 5 h 03 min from Bortle 6
- M74 with the Unistellar Odyssey: 23 h from Bortle 6
- M74 with the Celestron Origin: 1 h 27 min from Bortle 6
- M74 with the Celestron Origin Mark II: 1 h 59 min from Bortle 6
All telescopes for the M74 · All targets for the Seestar S50 Pro