How long to image the M95 with the Vaonis Vespera Pro 2
From a Bortle 6 suburban sky, the Vaonis Vespera Pro 2 needs about 7 h 29 min (2,692 subs of 10 s) for a solid image of the M95. A quick look takes 1 h 52 min; a showpiece 30 h. Under a Bortle 3 rural sky the solid figure drops to 3 h 07 min. At Bortle 6 the limit is skyglow, so a darker site or a filter helps more than longer subs. In this scope's field it fills 7% of the frame’s short side.
| Sky | Quick lookTarget obvious, still noisy | SolidClean enough to share | ShowpieceSmooth faint detail, print-worthy |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bortle 1Excellent dark site | 40 min243 subs | 2 h 41 min969 subs | 11 h3,873 subs |
| Bortle 2Typical dark site | 43 min256 subs | 2 h 50 min1,021 subs | 11 h4,084 subs |
| Bortle 3Rural | 47 min281 subs | 3 h 07 min1,122 subs | 12 h4,485 subs |
| Bortle 4Rural / suburban transition | 57 min341 subs | 3 h 47 min1,364 subs | 15 h5,455 subs |
| Bortle 5Suburban | 1 h 13 min438 subs | 4 h 51 min1,749 subs | 19 h6,993 subs |
| Bortle 6Bright suburban | 1 h 52 min673 subs | 7 h 29 min2,692 subs | 30 h10,766 subs |
| Bortle 7Suburban / urban transition | 3 h 07 min1,123 subs | 12 h4,489 subs | 50 h17,956 subs |
| Bortle 8City | 5 h 03 min1,820 subs | 20 h7,280 subs | 81 h29,118 subs |
| Bortle 9Inner city | 9 h 11 min3,308 subs | 37 h13,232 subs | 150+ h52,925 subs |
Power and kit for this session
Allowing for slewing, focusing and rejected subs, that is about 9 h 43 min of run time. That is more than one night: over 2 nights, about 4 h 52 min each. The Vespera Pro 2’s battery (rated about 11 h) should cover each night; a power bank still keeps the phone running the app alive. (Bortle 6, solid image; we allow 30% over the integration time.)
- USB-C PD power bank 20000mAh 30WExternal bank extends the 11 h battery.
- red LED head torchRed light keeps your night vision; white light costs you twenty minutes of dark adaptation every time.
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How it frames
The M95 is 7.4′ × 5′ across. The Vespera Pro 2 frames 1.65° × 1.65° at 1.68″ per pixel, so it fills 7% of the frame’s short side.
Longer subs
10 s subs by default; Expert Mode manual targets allow 1 to 30 s. Alt-azimuth only; CovalENS mosaic gives 3.2° × 3.2° at 50 MP. Time for a solid image by sub length:
| Sub length | Bortle 3 | Bortle 5 | Bortle 7 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 s | 3 h 07 min1,122 subs | 4 h 51 min1,749 subs | 12 h4,489 subs |
| 20 s | 2 h 35 min466 subs | 4 h 20 min780 subs | 12 h2,150 subs |
| 30 s | 2 h 25 min290 subs | 4 h 09 min499 subs | 12 h1,412 subs |
About the M95
A barred spiral with a ring around its bar, in the Leo I group with M96 and M105.
NGC 3351 · Galaxy in Leo · magnitude 9.7 · 7.4′ × 5′ · best in Feb, Mar, Apr. Reachable from mid-northern latitudes (UK, northern US, central Europe) and from the south.
Galaxies are broadband targets: their light is mostly starlight spread across the spectrum, so a dual-band filter throws most of it away and makes things slower, not faster. Shoot without a filter (or with a plain UV/IR cut) and rely on total time and a dark sky. The core of a galaxy is usually many times brighter than its outer disc, so a short stack shows the nucleus long before the arms; the figures here are for the arms and disc, not the core.
Field rotation in Alt-Az mode crops the edges of the stack over a long session, so on a big galaxy re-centre now and then or use EQ mode where your scope supports it.
About the Vaonis Vespera Pro 2
The square-sensor 2026 Vespera with 2 µm pixels. Sharper than the Vespera 3 on small targets and correspondingly slower per pixel; the 12.5 MP square frame suits galaxies and planetaries.
10 s subs by default; Expert Mode manual targets allow 1 to 30 s. Alt-azimuth only; CovalENS mosaic gives 3.2° × 3.2° at 50 MP. Optional clip-on Vaonis filters: dual-band, light-pollution (CLS) and solar.
Longer subs matter most under dark skies, where read noise rather than skyglow sets the floor. From a city the difference between 10 s and 30 s subs is small; from a rural site it can halve the total time, especially with a dual-band filter in place.
Stack across nights. Every smart scope app can continue a stack or you can combine the saved frames on a computer; the figures here are totals, not single-session limits.
Have an image of the M95 from a Vespera Pro 2? Email it with your total time and sky to [email protected] and it goes here, credited.
Same target, other telescopes
- M95 with the ZWO Seestar S50: 3 h 30 min from Bortle 6
- M95 with the ZWO Seestar S50 Pro: 3 h 50 min from Bortle 6
- M95 with the ZWO Seestar S30: 3 h 41 min from Bortle 6
- M95 with the ZWO Seestar S30 Pro: 4 h 04 min from Bortle 6
- M95 with the DwarfLab DWARF 3: 5 h 05 min from Bortle 6
- M95 with the DwarfLab DWARF mini: 3 h 29 min from Bortle 6
- M95 with the DwarfLab Draco: 2 h 52 min from Bortle 6
- M95 with the DwarfLab DWARF II: 12 h from Bortle 6
- M95 with the Vaonis Vespera II: 3 h 30 min from Bortle 6
- M95 with the Vaonis Vespera Pro: 7 h 51 min from Bortle 6
- M95 with the Vaonis Vespera 3: 3 h 21 min from Bortle 6
- M95 with the Unistellar eQuinox 2: 3 h 11 min from Bortle 6
- M95 with the Unistellar Odyssey: 15 h from Bortle 6
- M95 with the Celestron Origin: 56 min from Bortle 6
- M95 with the Celestron Origin Mark II: 1 h 16 min from Bortle 6
All telescopes for the M95 · All targets for the Vespera Pro 2