How long to image the M95 with the DwarfLab DWARF II
From a Bortle 6 suburban sky, the DwarfLab DWARF II needs about 12 h (2,880 subs of 15 s) for a solid image of the M95. A quick look takes 3 h; a showpiece 48 h. Under a Bortle 3 rural sky the solid figure drops to 6 h. At Bortle 6 the limit is a mix of skyglow and read noise. In this scope's field it fills 7% of the frame’s short side.
| Sky | Quick lookTarget obvious, still noisy | SolidClean enough to share | ShowpieceSmooth faint detail, print-worthy |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bortle 1Excellent dark site | 1 h 21 min325 subs | 5 h 25 min1,299 subs | 22 h5,196 subs |
| Bortle 2Typical dark site | 1 h 24 min337 subs | 5 h 37 min1,348 subs | 22 h5,390 subs |
| Bortle 3Rural | 1 h 30 min360 subs | 6 h1,440 subs | 24 h5,758 subs |
| Bortle 4Rural / suburban transition | 1 h 44 min416 subs | 6 h 55 min1,662 subs | 28 h6,647 subs |
| Bortle 5Suburban | 2 h 06 min504 subs | 8 h 24 min2,015 subs | 34 h8,058 subs |
| Bortle 6Bright suburban | 3 h720 subs | 12 h2,880 subs | 48 h11,518 subs |
| Bortle 7Suburban / urban transition | 4 h 43 min1,132 subs | 19 h4,528 subs | 75 h18,112 subs |
| Bortle 8City | 7 h 23 min1,772 subs | 30 h7,088 subs | 120+ h28,349 subs |
| Bortle 9Inner city | 13 h3,137 subs | 52 h12,546 subs | 210+ h50,182 subs |
Power and kit for this session
Allowing for slewing, focusing and rejected subs, that is about 16 h of run time. That is more than one night: over 3 nights, about 5 h 12 min each. The DWARF II’s battery is rated at about 3 h, so each night needs an external power bank. (Bortle 6, solid image; we allow 30% over the integration time.)
- USB-C PD power bank 10000mAh 18W18 W PD input; runs while charging.
- red LED head torchRed light keeps your night vision; white light costs you twenty minutes of dark adaptation every time.
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Everything that fits the DWARF II →
How it frames
The M95 is 7.4′ × 5′ across. The DWARF II frames 3.19° × 1.79° at 2.99″ per pixel, so it fills 7% of the frame’s short side.
About the M95
A barred spiral with a ring around its bar, in the Leo I group with M96 and M105.
NGC 3351 · Galaxy in Leo · magnitude 9.7 · 7.4′ × 5′ · best in Feb, Mar, Apr. Reachable from mid-northern latitudes (UK, northern US, central Europe) and from the south.
Galaxies are broadband targets: their light is mostly starlight spread across the spectrum, so a dual-band filter throws most of it away and makes things slower, not faster. Shoot without a filter (or with a plain UV/IR cut) and rely on total time and a dark sky. The core of a galaxy is usually many times brighter than its outer disc, so a short stack shows the nucleus long before the arms; the figures here are for the arms and disc, not the core.
Field rotation in Alt-Az mode crops the edges of the stack over a long session, so on a big galaxy re-centre now and then or use EQ mode where your scope supports it.
About the DwarfLab DWARF II
The original pocket scope. 24 mm aperture and tiny 1.45 µm pixels mean it is slow per pixel, so bin or downsample and be patient.
15 s is the hard maximum in any mode; DwarfLab recommends EQ mode at 15 s. Two built-in filters, VIS and Astro (IR-pass); no dual-band. The optional UHC filter is no longer sold.
The DWARF II uses fixed 15 s subs, so the only levers you have are the sky you shoot from, the filter, and total time.
Stack across nights. Every smart scope app can continue a stack or you can combine the saved frames on a computer; the figures here are totals, not single-session limits.
Have an image of the M95 from a DWARF II? Email it with your total time and sky to [email protected] and it goes here, credited.
Same target, other telescopes
- M95 with the ZWO Seestar S50: 3 h 30 min from Bortle 6
- M95 with the ZWO Seestar S50 Pro: 3 h 50 min from Bortle 6
- M95 with the ZWO Seestar S30: 3 h 41 min from Bortle 6
- M95 with the ZWO Seestar S30 Pro: 4 h 04 min from Bortle 6
- M95 with the DwarfLab DWARF 3: 5 h 05 min from Bortle 6
- M95 with the DwarfLab DWARF mini: 3 h 29 min from Bortle 6
- M95 with the DwarfLab Draco: 2 h 52 min from Bortle 6
- M95 with the Vaonis Vespera II: 3 h 30 min from Bortle 6
- M95 with the Vaonis Vespera Pro: 7 h 51 min from Bortle 6
- M95 with the Vaonis Vespera 3: 3 h 21 min from Bortle 6
- M95 with the Vaonis Vespera Pro 2: 7 h 29 min from Bortle 6
- M95 with the Unistellar eQuinox 2: 3 h 11 min from Bortle 6
- M95 with the Unistellar Odyssey: 15 h from Bortle 6
- M95 with the Celestron Origin: 56 min from Bortle 6
- M95 with the Celestron Origin Mark II: 1 h 16 min from Bortle 6