How long to image the Cone and Christmas Tree with the DwarfLab DWARF II
From a Bortle 6 suburban sky, the DwarfLab DWARF II needs about 23 h (5,479 subs of 15 s) for a solid image of the Cone and Christmas Tree. A quick look takes 5 h 42 min; a showpiece 91 h. Under a Bortle 3 rural sky the solid figure drops to 11 h. At Bortle 6 the limit is a mix of skyglow and read noise. In this scope's field it fills 56% of the frame’s short side.
| Sky | Quick lookTarget obvious, still noisy | SolidClean enough to share | ShowpieceSmooth faint detail, print-worthy |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bortle 1Excellent dark site | 2 h 28 min593 subs | 9 h 52 min2,369 subs | 39 h9,474 subs |
| Bortle 2Typical dark site | 2 h 34 min616 subs | 10 h2,464 subs | 41 h9,856 subs |
| Bortle 3Rural | 2 h 45 min662 subs | 11 h2,645 subs | 44 h10,579 subs |
| Bortle 4Rural / suburban transition | 3 h 13 min771 subs | 13 h3,083 subs | 51 h12,330 subs |
| Bortle 5Suburban | 3 h 56 min945 subs | 16 h3,777 subs | 63 h15,105 subs |
| Bortle 6Bright suburban | 5 h 42 min1,370 subs | 23 h5,479 subs | 91 h21,914 subs |
| Bortle 7Suburban / urban transition | 9 h 05 min2,181 subs | 36 h8,722 subs | 150+ h34,888 subs |
| Bortle 8City | 14 h3,440 subs | 57 h13,758 subs | 230+ h55,031 subs |
| Bortle 9Inner city | 26 h6,125 subs | 100+ h24,498 subs | 410+ h97,992 subs |
Power and kit for this session
Allowing for slewing, focusing and rejected subs, that is about 30 h of run time. That is more than one night: over 5 nights, about 5 h 56 min each. The DWARF II’s battery is rated at about 3 h, less near freezing, so each night needs an external power bank. (Bortle 6, solid image; we allow 30% over the integration time, and 30% off the battery for a January night.)
- USB-C PD power bank 10000mAh 18W18 W PD input; runs while charging.
- red LED head torchRed light keeps your night vision; white light costs you twenty minutes of dark adaptation every time.
- hand warmers long lastingAir-activated packs give hours of heat for the person; winter nights are long and you spend most of them standing still.
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Everything that fits the DWARF II →
How it frames
The Cone and Christmas Tree is 60′ × 30′ across. The DWARF II frames 3.19° × 1.79° at 2.99″ per pixel, so it fills 56% of the frame’s short side.
Filters
The Cone and Christmas Tree is an emission target, where a dual-band filter would normally cut the time several-fold from a lit sky, but the DWARF II has no dual-band option: Two built-in filters, VIS and Astro (IR-pass); no dual-band. The optional UHC filter is no longer sold. The figures above are for the Astro position, and a darker sky is the lever that remains.
About the Cone and Christmas Tree
A bright cluster shaped like a tree with the faint Cone Nebula at its tip and the Fox Fur beside it. The cluster is easy; the nebulosity is not.
NGC 2264 · Emission nebula in Monoceros · magnitude 3.9 · 60′ × 30′ · best in Dec, Jan, Feb. Reachable from mid-northern latitudes (UK, northern US, central Europe) and from the south.
Emission nebulae glow in a few narrow lines, mostly hydrogen-alpha (deep red) and doubly ionised oxygen (teal). A dual-band filter passes those lines and blocks most skyglow, which is why it cuts the time needed from a suburban sky so dramatically. Use it. From a genuinely dark site the gain is smaller because there is less skyglow to block, and read noise becomes the limit, which is where longer subs (EQ mode, or Expert Mode on a Vespera) earn their keep.
Stars lose colour through a dual-band filter; a short broadband stack blended in fixes that if you care.
About the DwarfLab DWARF II
The original pocket scope. 24 mm aperture and tiny 1.45 µm pixels mean it is slow per pixel, so bin or downsample and be patient.
15 s is the hard maximum in any mode; DwarfLab recommends EQ mode at 15 s. Two built-in filters, VIS and Astro (IR-pass); no dual-band. The optional UHC filter is no longer sold.
The DWARF II uses fixed 15 s subs, so the only levers you have are the sky you shoot from, the filter, and total time.
Stack across nights. Every smart scope app can continue a stack or you can combine the saved frames on a computer; the figures here are totals, not single-session limits.
Have an image of the Cone and Christmas Tree from a DWARF II? Email it with your total time and sky to [email protected] and it goes here, credited.
Same target, other telescopes
- Cone and Christmas Tree with the ZWO Seestar S50: 4 h from Bortle 6
- Cone and Christmas Tree with the ZWO Seestar S50 Pro: 4 h 30 min from Bortle 6
- Cone and Christmas Tree with the ZWO Seestar S30: 4 h 43 min from Bortle 6
- Cone and Christmas Tree with the ZWO Seestar S30 Pro: 4 h 51 min from Bortle 6
- Cone and Christmas Tree with the DwarfLab DWARF 3: 4 h 52 min from Bortle 6
- Cone and Christmas Tree with the DwarfLab DWARF mini: 3 h 56 min from Bortle 6
- Cone and Christmas Tree with the DwarfLab Draco: 3 h 09 min from Bortle 6
- Cone and Christmas Tree with the Vaonis Vespera II: 6 h 37 min from Bortle 6
- Cone and Christmas Tree with the Vaonis Vespera Pro: 15 h from Bortle 6
- Cone and Christmas Tree with the Vaonis Vespera 3: 6 h 19 min from Bortle 6
- Cone and Christmas Tree with the Vaonis Vespera Pro 2: 14 h from Bortle 6
- Cone and Christmas Tree with the Unistellar eQuinox 2: 6 h 05 min from Bortle 6
- Cone and Christmas Tree with the Unistellar Odyssey: 28 h from Bortle 6
- Cone and Christmas Tree with the Celestron Origin: 1 h 45 min from Bortle 6
- Cone and Christmas Tree with the Celestron Origin Mark II: 2 h 23 min from Bortle 6
All telescopes for the Cone and Christmas Tree · All targets for the DWARF II