How long to image the NGC 2403 with the ZWO Seestar S30
From a Bortle 6 suburban sky, the ZWO Seestar S30 needs about 3 h 23 min (1,221 subs of 10 s) for a solid image of the NGC 2403. A quick look takes 51 min; a showpiece 14 h. Under a Bortle 3 rural sky the solid figure drops to 1 h 21 min. At Bortle 6 the limit is skyglow, so a darker site or a filter helps more than longer subs. In this scope's field it fills 29% of the frame’s short side.
| Sky | Quick lookTarget obvious, still noisy | SolidClean enough to share | ShowpieceSmooth faint detail, print-worthy |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bortle 1Excellent dark site | 17 min105 subs | 1 h 09 min417 subs | 4 h 38 min1,668 subs |
| Bortle 2Typical dark site | 18 min111 subs | 1 h 14 min442 subs | 4 h 54 min1,767 subs |
| Bortle 3Rural | 20 min123 subs | 1 h 21 min489 subs | 5 h 26 min1,954 subs |
| Bortle 4Rural / suburban transition | 25 min151 subs | 1 h 40 min602 subs | 6 h 41 min2,407 subs |
| Bortle 5Suburban | 33 min196 subs | 2 h 10 min781 subs | 8 h 41 min3,124 subs |
| Bortle 6Bright suburban | 51 min306 subs | 3 h 23 min1,221 subs | 14 h4,884 subs |
| Bortle 7Suburban / urban transition | 1 h 26 min515 subs | 5 h 43 min2,060 subs | 23 h8,237 subs |
| Bortle 8City | 2 h 20 min841 subs | 9 h 20 min3,361 subs | 37 h13,443 subs |
| Bortle 9Inner city | 4 h 16 min1,535 subs | 17 h6,137 subs | 68 h24,547 subs |
Power and kit for this session
Allowing for slewing, focusing and rejected subs, that is about 4 h 25 min of run time. The Seestar S30’s battery is rated at about 6 h, less near freezing, so the session needs an external power bank. (Bortle 6, solid image; we allow 30% over the integration time, and 30% off the battery for a January night.)
- USB-C power bank 10000mAh 5V 3A6,000 mAh inside; a 10,000 mAh 5 V 3 A bank roughly doubles a session.
- Seestar S30 dew shieldHeater is built in; a cheap shield reduces dew and stray light.
- red LED head torchRed light keeps your night vision; white light costs you twenty minutes of dark adaptation every time.
- hand warmers long lastingAir-activated packs give hours of heat for the person; winter nights are long and you spend most of them standing still.
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Everything that fits the Seestar S30 →
How it frames
The NGC 2403 is 21′ × 12′ across. The Seestar S30 frames 2.13° × 1.20° at 3.99″ per pixel, so it fills 29% of the frame’s short side.
Longer subs
10, 20 and 30 s in Alt-Az; 60 s only in EQ mode, which needs the TH10 head. Time for a solid image by sub length:
| Sub length | Bortle 3 | Bortle 5 | Bortle 7 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 s | 1 h 21 min489 subs | 2 h 10 min781 subs | 5 h 43 min2,060 subs |
| 20 s | 1 h 05 min195 subs | 1 h 54 min342 subs | 5 h 27 min981 subs |
| 30 s | 59 min119 subs | 1 h 48 min217 subs | 5 h 21 min643 subs |
| 60 s | 54 min54 subs | 1 h 43 min103 subs | 5 h 16 min316 subs |
Leave the dual-band filter out for the NGC 2403. It is a galaxy, and it shines right across the spectrum. A dual-band filter keeps two emission lines and throws the rest away, so most of the light you came for is being stopped along with the sky. From a Bortle 6 sky it would be roughly 14 times slower.
About the NGC 2403
A big, loose spiral in Camelopardalis that looks like a small M33, with bright H II regions dual-band can pick out.
Caldwell 7 · Galaxy in Camelopardalis · magnitude 8.9 · 21′ × 12′ · best in Dec, Jan, Feb. Reachable from mid-northern latitudes (UK, northern US, central Europe) and from the south.
Galaxies are broadband targets: their light is mostly starlight spread across the spectrum, so a dual-band filter throws most of it away and makes things slower, not faster. Shoot without a filter (or with a plain UV/IR cut) and rely on total time and a dark sky. The core of a galaxy is usually many times brighter than its outer disc, so a short stack shows the nucleus long before the arms; the figures here are for the arms and disc, not the core.
Field rotation in Alt-Az mode crops the edges of the stack over a long session, so on a big galaxy re-centre now and then or use EQ mode where your scope supports it.
About the ZWO Seestar S30
Wider and lighter than the S50 with the same 2.9 µm pixels, so its per-pixel speed on extended targets is close despite the smaller aperture. Ideal for big nebulae.
10, 20 and 30 s in Alt-Az; 60 s only in EQ mode, which needs the TH10 head. Built-in UV/IR-cut, dual-band (OIII 30 nm / Hα 20 nm) and dark filters.
Longer subs matter most under dark skies, where read noise rather than skyglow sets the floor. From a city the difference between 10 s and 60 s subs is small; from a rural site it can halve the total time, especially with a dual-band filter in place.
Stack across nights. Every smart scope app can continue a stack or you can combine the saved frames on a computer; the figures here are totals, not single-session limits.
Have an image of the NGC 2403 from a Seestar S30? Email it with your total time and sky to [email protected] and it goes here, credited.
Same target, other telescopes
- NGC 2403 with the ZWO Seestar S50: 3 h 13 min from Bortle 6
- NGC 2403 with the ZWO Seestar S50 Pro: 3 h 32 min from Bortle 6
- NGC 2403 with the ZWO Seestar S30 Pro: 3 h 44 min from Bortle 6
- NGC 2403 with the DwarfLab DWARF 3: 4 h 40 min from Bortle 6
- NGC 2403 with the DwarfLab DWARF mini: 3 h 13 min from Bortle 6
- NGC 2403 with the DwarfLab Draco: 2 h 39 min from Bortle 6
- NGC 2403 with the DwarfLab DWARF II: 11 h from Bortle 6
- NGC 2403 with the Vaonis Vespera II: 3 h 13 min from Bortle 6
- NGC 2403 with the Vaonis Vespera Pro: 7 h 14 min from Bortle 6
- NGC 2403 with the Vaonis Vespera 3: 3 h 05 min from Bortle 6
- NGC 2403 with the Vaonis Vespera Pro 2: 6 h 53 min from Bortle 6
- NGC 2403 with the Unistellar eQuinox 2: 2 h 57 min from Bortle 6
- NGC 2403 with the Unistellar Odyssey: 14 h from Bortle 6
- NGC 2403 with the Celestron Origin: 51 min from Bortle 6
- NGC 2403 with the Celestron Origin Mark II: 1 h 10 min from Bortle 6
All telescopes for the NGC 2403 · All targets for the Seestar S30