How long to image the M12 with the DwarfLab DWARF II
From a Bortle 6 suburban sky, the DwarfLab DWARF II needs about 48 min (193 subs of 15 s) for a solid image of the M12. A quick look takes 12 min; a showpiece 3 h 12 min. Under a Bortle 3 rural sky the solid figure drops to 27 min. At Bortle 6 the limit is a mix of skyglow and read noise. In this scope's field it fills 15% of the frame’s short side.
| Sky | Quick lookTarget obvious, still noisy | SolidClean enough to share | ShowpieceSmooth faint detail, print-worthy |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bortle 1Excellent dark site | 6 min25 subs | 25 min99 subs | 1 h 38 min394 subs |
| Bortle 2Typical dark site | 6 min26 subs | 25 min102 subs | 1 h 41 min406 subs |
| Bortle 3Rural | 7 min27 subs | 27 min107 subs | 1 h 47 min427 subs |
| Bortle 4Rural / suburban transition | 7 min30 subs | 30 min120 subs | 2 h480 subs |
| Bortle 5Suburban | 9 min36 subs | 35 min141 subs | 2 h 21 min564 subs |
| Bortle 6Bright suburban | 12 min49 subs | 48 min193 subs | 3 h 12 min769 subs |
| Bortle 7Suburban / urban transition | 18 min73 subs | 1 h 12 min290 subs | 4 h 50 min1,160 subs |
| Bortle 8City | 28 min111 subs | 1 h 50 min442 subs | 7 h 22 min1,767 subs |
| Bortle 9Inner city | 48 min192 subs | 3 h 11 min766 subs | 13 h3,063 subs |
Power and kit for this session
Allowing for slewing, focusing and rejected subs, that is about 1 h 02 min of run time. The DWARF II’s battery (rated about 3 h) should cover it; a power bank still keeps the phone running the app alive. (Bortle 6, solid image; we allow 30% over the integration time.)
- USB-C PD power bank 10000mAh 18W18 W PD input; runs while charging.
- red LED head torchRed light keeps your night vision; white light costs you twenty minutes of dark adaptation every time.
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Everything that fits the DWARF II →
How it frames
The M12 is 16′ across. The DWARF II frames 3.19° × 1.79° at 2.99″ per pixel, so it fills 15% of the frame’s short side.
About the M12
A looser globular than M10 with a less concentrated core. Fine in a single hour.
NGC 6218 · Globular cluster in Ophiuchus · magnitude 6.7 · 16′ · best in May, Jun, Jul. Reachable from mid-northern latitudes (UK, northern US, central Europe) and from the south.
Globular clusters are point sources packed tight, so they come quickly: the core resolves into stars within a handful of minutes on any smart scope. More time deepens the halo and pulls in the faint outer members. Use short subs so the core does not saturate into a white blob, and no filter.
About the DwarfLab DWARF II
The original pocket scope. 24 mm aperture and tiny 1.45 µm pixels mean it is slow per pixel, so bin or downsample and be patient.
15 s is the hard maximum in any mode; DwarfLab recommends EQ mode at 15 s. Two built-in filters, VIS and Astro (IR-pass); no dual-band. The optional UHC filter is no longer sold.
The DWARF II uses fixed 15 s subs, so the only levers you have are the sky you shoot from, the filter, and total time.
Stack across nights. Every smart scope app can continue a stack or you can combine the saved frames on a computer; the figures here are totals, not single-session limits.
Have an image of the M12 from a DWARF II? Email it with your total time and sky to [email protected] and it goes here, credited.
Same target, other telescopes
- M12 with the ZWO Seestar S50: 14 min from Bortle 6
- M12 with the ZWO Seestar S50 Pro: 16 min from Bortle 6
- M12 with the ZWO Seestar S30: 15 min from Bortle 6
- M12 with the ZWO Seestar S30 Pro: 17 min from Bortle 6
- M12 with the DwarfLab DWARF 3: 21 min from Bortle 6
- M12 with the DwarfLab DWARF mini: 14 min from Bortle 6
- M12 with the DwarfLab Draco: 15 min from Bortle 6
- M12 with the Vaonis Vespera II: 14 min from Bortle 6
- M12 with the Vaonis Vespera Pro: 32 min from Bortle 6
- M12 with the Vaonis Vespera 3: 14 min from Bortle 6
- M12 with the Vaonis Vespera Pro 2: 30 min from Bortle 6
- M12 with the Unistellar eQuinox 2: 13 min from Bortle 6
- M12 with the Unistellar Odyssey: 57 min from Bortle 6
- M12 with the Celestron Origin: 5 min from Bortle 6
- M12 with the Celestron Origin Mark II: 5 min from Bortle 6