How long to image the M32 with the Unistellar Odyssey
From a Bortle 6 suburban sky, the Unistellar Odyssey needs about 1 h 20 min (1,197 subs of 4 s) for a solid image of the M32. A quick look takes 20 min; a showpiece 5 h 19 min. Under a Bortle 3 rural sky the solid figure drops to 56 min. At Bortle 6 the limit is a mix of skyglow and read noise. In this scope's field it fills 24% of the frame’s short side.
| Sky | Quick lookTarget obvious, still noisy | SolidClean enough to share | ShowpieceSmooth faint detail, print-worthy |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bortle 1Excellent dark site | 13 min201 subs | 53 min802 subs | 3 h 34 min3,206 subs |
| Bortle 2Typical dark site | 14 min204 subs | 54 min814 subs | 3 h 37 min3,254 subs |
| Bortle 3Rural | 14 min210 subs | 56 min837 subs | 3 h 43 min3,346 subs |
| Bortle 4Rural / suburban transition | 15 min224 subs | 59 min893 subs | 3 h 58 min3,569 subs |
| Bortle 5Suburban | 16 min246 subs | 1 h 05 min981 subs | 4 h 21 min3,921 subs |
| Bortle 6Bright suburban | 20 min300 subs | 1 h 20 min1,197 subs | 5 h 19 min4,787 subs |
| Bortle 7Suburban / urban transition | 27 min403 subs | 1 h 47 min1,609 subs | 7 h 09 min6,436 subs |
| Bortle 8City | 37 min563 subs | 2 h 30 min2,249 subs | 10 h8,996 subs |
| Bortle 9Inner city | 1 h904 subs | 4 h 01 min3,615 subs | 16 h14,457 subs |
Power and kit for this session
Allowing for slewing, focusing and rejected subs, that is about 1 h 44 min of run time. The Odyssey’s battery (rated about 5 h) should cover it; a power bank still keeps the phone running the app alive. (Bortle 6, solid image; we allow 30% over the integration time.)
- USB power bank 20000mAh 5V 2.4AUnistellar says plain 5 V 2.4 A and warns against fast or adaptive chargers.
- red LED head torchRed light keeps your night vision; white light costs you twenty minutes of dark adaptation every time.
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Everything that fits the Odyssey →
How it frames
The M32 is 8′ × 6′ across. The Odyssey frames 0.75° × 0.56° at 0.93″ per pixel, so it fills 24% of the frame’s short side.
About the M32
The compact elliptical companion of Andromeda, sitting on its disc. Appears in every M31 frame.
NGC 221 · Galaxy in Andromeda · magnitude 8.1 · 8′ × 6′ · best in Sep, Oct, Nov. Reachable from mid-northern latitudes (UK, northern US, central Europe) and from the south.
Galaxies are broadband targets: their light is mostly starlight spread across the spectrum, so a dual-band filter throws most of it away and makes things slower, not faster. Shoot without a filter (or with a plain UV/IR cut) and rely on total time and a dark sky. The core of a galaxy is usually many times brighter than its outer disc, so a short stack shows the nucleus long before the arms; the figures here are for the arms and disc, not the core.
Field rotation in Alt-Az mode crops the edges of the stack over a long session, so on a big galaxy re-centre now and then or use EQ mode where your scope supports it.
About the Unistellar Odyssey
Unistellar’s compact 85 mm with autofocus and tiny pixels. Sharp, but the fine sampling costs time on faint extended targets. The Odyssey Pro is the same telescope with an eyepiece added, so these figures apply to both.
Fixed 4 s subs in Enhanced Vision; they cannot be changed. No filter option; Unistellar says third-party filters cannot be fitted to the Odyssey.
The Odyssey uses fixed 4 s subs, so the only levers you have are the sky you shoot from, the filter, and total time.
Stack across nights. Every smart scope app can continue a stack or you can combine the saved frames on a computer; the figures here are totals, not single-session limits.
Have an image of the M32 from a Odyssey? Email it with your total time and sky to [email protected] and it goes here, credited.
Same target, other telescopes
- M32 with the ZWO Seestar S50: 20 min from Bortle 6
- M32 with the ZWO Seestar S50 Pro: 22 min from Bortle 6
- M32 with the ZWO Seestar S30: 21 min from Bortle 6
- M32 with the ZWO Seestar S30 Pro: 24 min from Bortle 6
- M32 with the DwarfLab DWARF 3: 30 min from Bortle 6
- M32 with the DwarfLab DWARF mini: 20 min from Bortle 6
- M32 with the DwarfLab Draco: 17 min from Bortle 6
- M32 with the DwarfLab DWARF II: 1 h 08 min from Bortle 6
- M32 with the Vaonis Vespera II: 20 min from Bortle 6
- M32 with the Vaonis Vespera Pro: 45 min from Bortle 6
- M32 with the Vaonis Vespera 3: 20 min from Bortle 6
- M32 with the Vaonis Vespera Pro 2: 43 min from Bortle 6
- M32 with the Unistellar eQuinox 2: 18 min from Bortle 6
- M32 with the Celestron Origin: 5 min from Bortle 6
- M32 with the Celestron Origin Mark II: 8 min from Bortle 6