How long to image the M77 with the Vaonis Vespera II
From a Bortle 6 suburban sky, the Vaonis Vespera II needs about 30 min (182 subs of 10 s) for a solid image of the M77. A quick look takes 8 min; a showpiece 2 h 01 min. Under a Bortle 3 rural sky the solid figure drops to 14 min. At Bortle 6 the limit is skyglow, so a darker site or a filter helps more than longer subs. In this scope's field it fills 8% of the frame’s short side.
| Sky | Quick lookTarget obvious, still noisy | SolidClean enough to share | ShowpieceSmooth faint detail, print-worthy |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bortle 1Excellent dark site | 3 min19 subs | 13 min76 subs | 50 min301 subs |
| Bortle 2Typical dark site | 3 min20 subs | 13 min79 subs | 52 min314 subs |
| Bortle 3Rural | 4 min22 subs | 14 min85 subs | 56 min339 subs |
| Bortle 4Rural / suburban transition | 4 min25 subs | 17 min100 subs | 1 h 06 min398 subs |
| Bortle 5Suburban | 5 min31 subs | 21 min124 subs | 1 h 22 min493 subs |
| Bortle 6Bright suburban | 8 min46 subs | 30 min182 subs | 2 h 01 min725 subs |
| Bortle 7Suburban / urban transition | 12 min73 subs | 49 min292 subs | 3 h 14 min1,167 subs |
| Bortle 8City | 19 min116 subs | 1 h 17 min464 subs | 5 h 09 min1,854 subs |
| Bortle 9Inner city | 35 min208 subs | 2 h 18 min830 subs | 9 h 13 min3,319 subs |
Power and kit for this session
Allowing for slewing, focusing and rejected subs, that is about 39 min of run time. The Vespera II’s battery (rated about 4 h) should cover it; a power bank still keeps the phone running the app alive. (Bortle 6, solid image; we allow 30% over the integration time, and 30% off the battery for a November night.)
- USB-C PD power bank 20000mAh 30WOnly four hours inside; Vaonis specifies a 30 W PD source. C-to-C cable not included.
- Vaonis Vespera hygrometer sensorTriggers the built-in demister automatically; the correct dew accessory for the II.
- red LED head torchRed light keeps your night vision; white light costs you twenty minutes of dark adaptation every time.
- hand warmers long lastingAir-activated packs give hours of heat for the person; winter nights are long and you spend most of them standing still.
Affiliate links: the retailer pays us a small commission and you pay the same price. These are search links to the named product, not endorsements of a particular listing; check the listing matches your model.
Everything that fits the Vespera II →
How it frames
The M77 is 7′ × 6′ across. The Vespera II frames 2.55° × 1.44° at 2.39″ per pixel, so it fills 8% of the frame’s short side.
Longer subs
10 s subs by default; Expert Mode manual targets allow 1 to 30 s. Alt-azimuth only, no EQ mode. Time for a solid image by sub length:
| Sub length | Bortle 3 | Bortle 5 | Bortle 7 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 s | 14 min85 subs | 21 min124 subs | 49 min292 subs |
| 20 s | 13 min38 subs | 19 min58 subs | 47 min142 subs |
| 30 s | 15 min30 subs | 19 min38 subs | 47 min94 subs |
About the M77
A Seyfert galaxy with a blazing core and faint outer arms. The nucleus is easy; the arms are not.
NGC 1068 · Galaxy in Cetus · magnitude 8.9 · 7′ × 6′ · best in Oct, Nov, Dec. Reachable from mid-northern latitudes (UK, northern US, central Europe) and from the south.
Galaxies are broadband targets: their light is mostly starlight spread across the spectrum, so a dual-band filter throws most of it away and makes things slower, not faster. Shoot without a filter (or with a plain UV/IR cut) and rely on total time and a dark sky. The core of a galaxy is usually many times brighter than its outer disc, so a short stack shows the nucleus long before the arms; the figures here are for the arms and disc, not the core.
Field rotation in Alt-Az mode crops the edges of the stack over a long session, so on a big galaxy re-centre now and then or use EQ mode where your scope supports it.
About the Vaonis Vespera II
A 50 mm quadruplet on an 8 MP sensor with Vaonis’s mosaic mode for wide fields. Same optics class as the Seestar S50, four times the pixels.
10 s subs by default; Expert Mode manual targets allow 1 to 30 s. Alt-azimuth only, no EQ mode. Optional clip-on Vaonis filters: dual-band, light-pollution (CLS) and solar; the app detects which is fitted.
Longer subs matter most under dark skies, where read noise rather than skyglow sets the floor. From a city the difference between 10 s and 30 s subs is small; from a rural site it can halve the total time, especially with a dual-band filter in place.
Stack across nights. Every smart scope app can continue a stack or you can combine the saved frames on a computer; the figures here are totals, not single-session limits.
Have an image of the M77 from a Vespera II? Email it with your total time and sky to [email protected] and it goes here, credited.
Same target, other telescopes
- M77 with the ZWO Seestar S50: 30 min from Bortle 6
- M77 with the ZWO Seestar S50 Pro: 33 min from Bortle 6
- M77 with the ZWO Seestar S30: 32 min from Bortle 6
- M77 with the ZWO Seestar S30 Pro: 35 min from Bortle 6
- M77 with the DwarfLab DWARF 3: 44 min from Bortle 6
- M77 with the DwarfLab DWARF mini: 30 min from Bortle 6
- M77 with the DwarfLab Draco: 25 min from Bortle 6
- M77 with the DwarfLab DWARF II: 1 h 41 min from Bortle 6
- M77 with the Vaonis Vespera Pro: 1 h 07 min from Bortle 6
- M77 with the Vaonis Vespera 3: 29 min from Bortle 6
- M77 with the Vaonis Vespera Pro 2: 1 h 04 min from Bortle 6
- M77 with the Unistellar eQuinox 2: 26 min from Bortle 6
- M77 with the Unistellar Odyssey: 1 h 59 min from Bortle 6
- M77 with the Celestron Origin: 8 min from Bortle 6
- M77 with the Celestron Origin Mark II: 11 min from Bortle 6