How long to image the M86 with the ZWO Seestar S30 Pro
From a Bortle 6 suburban sky, the ZWO Seestar S30 Pro needs about 1 h 41 min (607 subs of 10 s) for a solid image of the M86. A quick look takes 25 min; a showpiece 6 h 45 min. Under a Bortle 3 rural sky the solid figure drops to 42 min. At Bortle 6 the limit is skyglow, so a darker site or a filter helps more than longer subs. In this scope's field it fills 7% of the frame’s short side.
| Sky | Quick lookTarget obvious, still noisy | SolidClean enough to share | ShowpieceSmooth faint detail, print-worthy |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bortle 1Excellent dark site | 9 min55 subs | 36 min218 subs | 2 h 25 min869 subs |
| Bortle 2Typical dark site | 10 min58 subs | 38 min230 subs | 2 h 33 min917 subs |
| Bortle 3Rural | 10 min63 subs | 42 min252 subs | 2 h 48 min1,008 subs |
| Bortle 4Rural / suburban transition | 13 min77 subs | 51 min307 subs | 3 h 24 min1,227 subs |
| Bortle 5Suburban | 16 min99 subs | 1 h 06 min394 subs | 4 h 22 min1,575 subs |
| Bortle 6Bright suburban | 25 min152 subs | 1 h 41 min607 subs | 6 h 45 min2,428 subs |
| Bortle 7Suburban / urban transition | 42 min254 subs | 2 h 49 min1,014 subs | 11 h4,053 subs |
| Bortle 8City | 1 h 08 min411 subs | 4 h 34 min1,644 subs | 18 h6,576 subs |
| Bortle 9Inner city | 2 h 05 min748 subs | 8 h 18 min2,990 subs | 33 h11,958 subs |
Power and kit for this session
Allowing for slewing, focusing and rejected subs, that is about 2 h 11 min of run time. The Seestar S30 Pro’s battery (rated about 5 h) should cover it; a power bank still keeps the phone running the app alive. (Bortle 6, solid image; we allow 30% over the integration time.)
- USB-C power bank 10000mAh 5V 3A5 V 3 A input and it runs while charging.
- Seestar S30 Pro dew shieldActive anti-dew is built in; a shield adds margin. The S30 Pro front differs from the S30, so check the listing.
- red LED head torchRed light keeps your night vision; white light costs you twenty minutes of dark adaptation every time.
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Everything that fits the Seestar S30 Pro →
How it frames
The M86 is 9′ × 6′ across. The Seestar S30 Pro frames 3.99° × 2.24° at 3.74″ per pixel, so it fills 7% of the frame’s short side.
Longer subs
10, 20 and 30 s in Alt-Az; 60 s only in EQ mode, which needs the TH10 head. Time for a solid image by sub length:
| Sub length | Bortle 3 | Bortle 5 | Bortle 7 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 s | 42 min252 subs | 1 h 06 min394 subs | 2 h 49 min1,014 subs |
| 20 s | 36 min107 subs | 59 min178 subs | 2 h 43 min488 subs |
| 30 s | 34 min68 subs | 57 min115 subs | 2 h 40 min321 subs |
| 60 s | 31 min32 subs | 55 min56 subs | 2 h 38 min159 subs |
Leave the dual-band filter out for the M86. It is a galaxy, and it shines right across the spectrum. A dual-band filter keeps two emission lines and throws the rest away, so most of the light you came for is being stopped along with the sky. From a Bortle 6 sky it would be roughly 12 times slower.
About the M86
M84's companion in Markarian's Chain, a large elliptical falling into the Virgo cluster.
NGC 4406 · Galaxy in Virgo · magnitude 8.9 · 9′ × 6′ · best in Mar, Apr, May. Reachable from mid-northern latitudes (UK, northern US, central Europe) and from the south.
Galaxies are broadband targets: their light is mostly starlight spread across the spectrum, so a dual-band filter throws most of it away and makes things slower, not faster. Shoot without a filter (or with a plain UV/IR cut) and rely on total time and a dark sky. The core of a galaxy is usually many times brighter than its outer disc, so a short stack shows the nucleus long before the arms; the figures here are for the arms and disc, not the core.
Field rotation in Alt-Az mode crops the edges of the stack over a long session, so on a big galaxy re-centre now and then or use EQ mode where your scope supports it.
About the ZWO Seestar S30 Pro
The S30 optics upgraded to a quadruplet in front of an 8 MP IMX585. Same speed per pixel as the S30, four times the pixels, so you can crop hard.
10, 20 and 30 s in Alt-Az; 60 s only in EQ mode, which needs the TH10 head. Built-in UV/IR-cut, dual-band (OIII 30 nm / Hα 20 nm) and dark filters on the telephoto camera.
Longer subs matter most under dark skies, where read noise rather than skyglow sets the floor. From a city the difference between 10 s and 60 s subs is small; from a rural site it can halve the total time, especially with a dual-band filter in place.
Stack across nights. Every smart scope app can continue a stack or you can combine the saved frames on a computer; the figures here are totals, not single-session limits.
Have an image of the M86 from a Seestar S30 Pro? Email it with your total time and sky to [email protected] and it goes here, credited.
Same target, other telescopes
- M86 with the ZWO Seestar S50: 1 h 27 min from Bortle 6
- M86 with the ZWO Seestar S50 Pro: 1 h 35 min from Bortle 6
- M86 with the ZWO Seestar S30: 1 h 32 min from Bortle 6
- M86 with the DwarfLab DWARF 3: 2 h 07 min from Bortle 6
- M86 with the DwarfLab DWARF mini: 1 h 27 min from Bortle 6
- M86 with the DwarfLab Draco: 1 h 12 min from Bortle 6
- M86 with the DwarfLab DWARF II: 4 h 57 min from Bortle 6
- M86 with the Vaonis Vespera II: 1 h 27 min from Bortle 6
- M86 with the Vaonis Vespera Pro: 3 h 15 min from Bortle 6
- M86 with the Vaonis Vespera 3: 1 h 23 min from Bortle 6
- M86 with the Vaonis Vespera Pro 2: 3 h 06 min from Bortle 6
- M86 with the Unistellar eQuinox 2: 1 h 18 min from Bortle 6
- M86 with the Unistellar Odyssey: 6 h 02 min from Bortle 6
- M86 with the Celestron Origin: 23 min from Bortle 6
- M86 with the Celestron Origin Mark II: 32 min from Bortle 6
All telescopes for the M86 · All targets for the Seestar S30 Pro